北京天坛导游词500字【优质6篇】

北京天坛导游词500字 篇一

欢迎大家来到北京天坛！天坛是中国古代帝王祭祀天地的重要场所，也是世界文化遗产。它位于北京市东城区，占地面积约为273万平方米，是中国古代建筑艺术的瑰宝之一。现在，请跟随我一起领略天坛的风采吧！

首先，我们来到天坛的中轴线上的主要建筑群，这里是天坛的核心区域。在这里，我们可以看到一座座雄伟壮观的建筑，其中最著名的就是祈年殿。祈年殿是天坛的主体建筑，也是全球最大的圆形建筑群之一。它由三层圆形基座、圆顶和圆柱形廊柱组成，象征着天圆地方的古代宇宙观念。祈年殿是帝王祭天祈求丰收的地方，每年农历正月初一，皇帝会亲自前往祈年殿举行隆重的祭天仪式。

接下来，我们来到天坛的祈年殿旁边的圜丘坛。圜丘坛是天坛的核心，被视为天地之间的枢纽。它是一个圆形的坛台，由三层圆形石台组成。在圜丘坛上，有着中国古代天文学中的重要仪器——天文测量仪。这个仪器可以测量星象和日晷，帮助皇帝确定农历和祭祀的时间。

再往前走，我们来到了天坛的最后一个重要建筑——回音壁。回音壁是建在半圆形墙体上的圆形石壁，这个设计非常巧妙，可以使坛内的声音传到壁外，形成回音。如果您愿意，我们可以试一试，您可以在壁前高声喊出您的名字，然后听着回音回荡在耳边，这种奇妙的体验一定会让您留下深刻的印象！

除了这些主要建筑，天坛还有许多其他景点值得一看。比如，我们可以参观一下东方之门。东方之门是天坛的正门，也是最宏伟的门楼之一。门楼两侧的墙上，有着精美的壁画和石刻，展示了古代帝王祭祀的场景，非常壮观。

此外，天坛的北部还有一个非常有趣的景点，那就是祈年殿的南门。南门是一座古老的石拱门，上面刻有精美的图案和文字。门内有着一条小路，通向天坛的核心区域，沿途还有一些古老的建筑和景观，非常值得一游。

北京天坛是中国古代建筑艺术的瑰宝，也是世界文化遗产。在这里，您可以感受到古代帝王的威严和庄严，领略中国古代文明的博大精深。希望您在天坛度过愉快的时光！

北京天坛导游词500字 篇二

欢迎大家来到北京天坛！天坛是一座古老而神圣的建筑，也是中国古代帝王祭祀天地的重要场所，被誉为“中国建筑艺术的瑰宝”。现在，请跟随我一起探索天坛的历史和文化吧！

首先，我们来到天坛的主要建筑群。天坛的核心区域由祈年殿、圜丘坛和回音壁组成。祈年殿是天坛的主体建筑，是古代帝王祭天的场所，也是全球最大的圆形建筑群之一。圜丘坛是天坛的核心，被视为天地之间的枢纽。回音壁是建在半圆形墙体上的圆形石壁，可以形成回音，非常神奇。

天坛的建筑风格独特，融合了宇宙观念、天文学和数学等多个学科。建筑的布局和结构都体现了古代中国人对天地万物的崇拜和敬畏之情。比如，祈年殿的圆形建筑象征着天圆地方的宇宙观念；圜丘坛上的天文测量仪可以测量星象和日晷，帮助皇帝确定农历和祭祀时间。

天坛还有许多其他景点值得一看。比如，东方之门是天坛的正门，也是最宏伟的门楼之一。门楼两侧的墙上刻有精美的壁画和石刻，展示了古代帝王祭祀的场景。南门是一座古老的石拱门，上面刻有精美的图案和文字。门内有一条小路通向天坛的核心区域，沿途还有一些古老的建筑和景观。

除了建筑群，天坛的园林景观也非常美丽。园内有着广袤的草坪、参天的古树和精心修剪的花坛。每年春天，这里的梨花盛开，吸引了众多游客。在这里散步，您可以感受到宁静与和谐的氛围，享受大自然的美好。

北京天坛是一座具有悠久历史和独特文化的建筑，它见证了中国古代帝王的威严和庄严。来到这里，您可以感受到古代中国人对天地万物的敬畏之情，领略中国古代文明的博大精深。希望您在天坛度过愉快的时光！

北京天坛导游词500字 篇三

ladies and gentlemen:

welcome to the temple of heaven. (after self-introduction) preserved cultural heritages of china. there are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad. all in all ，there are 12 million visitors very year. now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter. it will take roughly one hour. mind you ，the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the god of heaven.

the largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to heaven ，the temple of heaven served as an exclusive altar for chinese monarchs during the ming and qing dynasties. it was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship heaven and pray for good harvest. but why ?

the ancient chinese believed that heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind，and thus worshiping rites dedicated to heaven came into being.

the heaven the ancient chinese referred to was actually the universe， or nature. in those days， there were specfic rites of worship. this was especially true during the ming and qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.

the temple of heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of emperor youngle of the ming dynasty. situated in the southern part of the city ，this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares. to better symbolize heaven and earth ，the northern part of the temple is circular while the southern part is square .the whole compound is enclosed by two walls， a square wall outside a round one. the outer area is characterized by suburban scenery， while the inner part is used for sacrifices. the inner enclosure consists of the hall of prayer for good harvest and the circular mound altar.

the circular mound altar is enclosed by two walls ，each containing four groups of southern lattice star gate， each in turn consisting of three doors， with 24 marble doors altogether. standing on the passage facing north， you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other. this reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs， while the narrower one was used by courtiers.

on the day of the ceremony ，the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs. he ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the alter.

we are now on the top terrace of the altar， or the third terrace .each terrace has a flight of 9 steps. at the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps. at the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone. the number of stones in the first ring is 9， in the second ，18， up to 81 in the 9th ring. even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiplee of 9. but why?

according to ancient chinese philosophy， yin and yang were two opposing factors. heaven and the odd numbers belonged to yang while the earth and even numbers belonged to yin. nine was the largest heavenly number accessible to man . what is more， the ancient people also believed that heaven consisted of nine layers and that the emperor` s abode was on the uppermost tier.

once more look at the round stone in the center. the upper terrace is nine zhang (a chinese unit of length， one zhang equals 3.3 meters ) in circumference ，while the middle is 15 zhang， the lower，21 zhang. classified as yang numbers， the sum of these numerals is 45 zhang which was meant to symbolized success. what is more， by applying the concept of odd numbers and strengthening nine and its multiples， the concept of heaven was thus illustrated and realized . the concept of nine will also be mentioned when we visit some other buildings.

now i will give you a brief account of what happened here annually on the inter solstice. the memorial tablet dedicated to heaven would be set up on the north side of the terrace， while tablets dedicated to the emperor `s ancestors would be enshrined on the flanks. the service would begin around 4 o` clock in the morning. all of the lanterns would be lit .in the foreground， a sacrificial calf is being barbecued. on the square in front of the altar， the emperor， under heavy escort of nearly a thousand courtiers， princes of royal blood ，musicians， dancers and uniformed soldiers， would slowly ascend the altar to offer sacrifice and pray in honor of heaven. when the service drew to a close ，the sacrifice offered in front of the memorial tablets would be incinerated .all of participants would watch the thick smoke rise upward as if they were seeing god off .music and dancing would follow .in the end ，the emperor would return to the forbidden city secure in the belief that he would be blessed and protected by heaven until the next winter solstice.

it is interesting to note that ，the stone in the very middle of the altar was of major importance ，since it was where the emperor used to stand to say his prayer. the stone ，which is known as the god`s heart stone， is peculiar in that it is characterized by a specific acoustic phenomenon: it made the emperor` s voice clearer and louder， thus adding to the mystic atmosphere of the service .you can try this out by yourself. (proceed northward to pass through the lattice stargate)

this structure is known as heaven` s storehouse. it is entered through the gate of glazed tiles. the roofing，beams， and brackets are all made of glazed tiles or bricks. this is the only structure of its kind in china today .

the heaven` s storehouse was where memorial tablets dedicated to the gods were kept. douglas hurd， a former british foreigh secretary ，once said ， “god attends to his affairs on the cir4cular mound altar but stays here. ” now let` s go in to to see it (go through the left side door)

(in the courtyard of heaven` s storehouse)this is the imperial vault of heaven， the main structure of heaven` s storehouse. it was built in 1530 and is 17 meters in height and 19 meters in diameter. the structure feature blue roofs topped by a gilded ball ，and carved wooden doors and windows. it is decorated with colored paintings. founded on a 3-meter-hign round marble terrace ，the building also features a gigantic carved marble ramp laid in the stone staircase leading up to the front entrance.. the ramp is carved in “two dragons playing with a pearl ” design in relief. we will enter the main hall by going up the stone staircase on the eastern side.

the arch of the hall is buttressed by 16 giant pillars on two rings. on top of the pillars there are gilt brackets supporting a circular caisson ，or covered ceiling .the ceiling is characterized by a golden coiling dragon design. the 8 pillar of the inner ring are painted scarlet and decorated with golden lotuses.

to the north of the hall there is a marble pedestal. atop it ，up a wooden flight of 9 steps， is where the major tablet dedicate to heaven was enshrined. on each flank four tablets are enshrined in honor of the ancestors of the qing emperors. in the annex hall in hornor of the ancestors of the qing emperors. in the annex halls in the courtyard， there are tablets dedicated to the deities of the sun， moon ，constellation， cloud ，rain， wind and thunder.

aside from exquisitely laid out architectures， heaven` s storehouse is also famous for two structures with peculiar acoustic features， i. e. the echo wall and the triple- sound stone. a mere whisper at any point close to the wall can be heard clearly on the other side， although the parties may be 40 or 50 meters apart. this is possible because the wall is round and hermetically constructed with smooth ，solid bricks.

in front of the steps leading away from the halls is the triple sound stone. if you stand on the first stone and call out or clap your hands， the sound will echo once; on the second stone， the sound will be heard twice; and on the third stone， the sound will repeat three times. hence the name. (go out through the right door and stroll along the circular path nor thward)

the temple of heaven is also famous for its cypress trees-there are more than 60，000 cypress trees in all，among which over 4，000 are more than one hundred years old ，adding to the solemn atmosphere of the temple .this tall cypress was planted more than 500 years ago. its thick branches and twisting trunk resembling nine coiling playful dragons; thus it is known as the nine-dragon cypress. it is said that this tree was here to welcome the monarchs. now it is here to welcome visitor from all over the world.

now we are back again on the central axis. this brick-arched gate is known as chengzhen (adopting fidelity) .this gate is the northern gate of the circular mound altar and the hall of prayer for good harvest. the hall of prayer for good harvest is situated at the extreme end of the axis. it was used by the emperor in the first month of every lunar year for services dedicated to good harvest.

entering the hall of prayer for good harvest， we set foot on a raised passage 360 meters long， which the emperor also took to proceed to the hall. this broad north-south walkway， called danbiqiao (red stairway bridge)， connects the two sets of main building in the temple of heaven and constitutes a single axis.

the passage is spanided into left， control and right paths by the cross arrangement of slabs. the central and the widest path is known as heavenly thoroughfare ， which was reserved exclusively for god; nobody， including the emperor， was allowed to set foot onto it . the emperor used the path on the east，which is known as the imperial walk. the ministers and princes used the one on the west .interesting enough ，there is no walkway left for ordinary people. this is because the temple of heaven used to be off-limits to them.

contrary to appearances， this walkway is not a bridge at all . but how so ? this road is 4 meters above the ground and there is a cavern underneath that was reserved for sacrificial oxen and sheep. the cattle were slaughtered at a slaughterhouse about 500 meters away and brought here for sacrifice. all in all ，it can be said this walkway did serve as bridge and can be looked upon as the first cloverleaf in beijing.

looking back at the thoroughfare， you may realize that this walk is gaining height toward its northern end. as people approach the architectural group of the hall of prayer for good harvest， the flanking groves of cypress recede and perspective widens. here you are in heaven.

the marble terrace up ahead is called jufutai， or costumechanging terrace. it is located to the east of the red stairway bridge and covers a space of 25 square meters .it has marble slab balustrades. the day before the service ，officials in charge would put up a yellow satin tent on the terrace for the emperor to change out of his yellow dragon robe into blue ceremonial clothes. after the service，the emperor would return to the tentand change back into his imperial robe before returning to the palace. (proceed to the south gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest)

this structure is called the gate of pray for good harvest. we can catch a slight glimpse of the central building ，the hall of prayer for good harvest， though the colonnade of the gate. a gigantic and lofty group of buildings， the complex includes the gate of prayer for good harvest， the hall of prayer for good harvest， eastern and western annex halls ，the huanqian (imperial heaven) long corridor， heaven kitchen， slaughterhouse， etc.

the annex halls were symmetrically built on a 1.5-meter-hignbrick-and-marble terrace ，to set off the loftiness and magnificence of the main hall .this unique building ，38 meters in height， is characterized by a cone-shaped structure with triple eaves and a top that is crowned by a gilt ball. the roofing is made of blue glazed tiles， the color of the sky .underneath the roof， the beams and bracket are decorated with colored paintings. the base of the structure is a triple-tiered， circular marble terrace. at a distance， the terrace looks like a gigantic， spiraling cloud with the structure perched on top of it .

today the hall of prayer for good harvest is the hallmark of beijing， which enjoys a prolonged history of civilization.

the base of the hall is a triple-tiered， circular marble terrace， which is 90 meters in diameter and 6 meters in height ，covering a space of 4，000 square meters. meticulous accuracy was given to the layout of the structure. in the middle of each three-tiered flight of stairs， there is a giant marble ramp carved in cloud， dragon and phoenix designs. to set off the ramps， the top of the balustrades and downpipes are designed with corresponding floral scrolls. in southern part of each tier， a gigantic bronze incense burner is placed. sandalwood was burnt in them when rites were observed.

(in front of the hall of prayer for good harves

t) climbing up this marble terrace， we see the main hall，a masterpiece of ancient china. looking up you will see the caisson， or covered ceiling， characterized by complex designs of dragons and phoenixes. in and out ， the hall is decorated with colored drawing of dragons and phoenixes.

without the use of steel ，cement and nail， and even without the use of big beams and crossbeams，the entire structure is supported by 28 massive wooden pillars and number of bars， laths， joints and rafters. the four central pillars， called the dragon-well pillars， are 19.2 meters high and painted with designs of composite followers， representing the four season. there are two rings of 12 scarlet pillars each. the inner ring represents the 12 months and the outer rings the 12 spanisions of the day and night .between the two rings there are 24 partitioned spaces to mark the solar terms of the chinese lunar year. the pillars， 28 in number， also represent the 28 constellations in the universe- the ancient chinese believed that there were 28 constellations that made up the sky.

the center of the stone-paved floor is a round marble slab， which is 88.5 centimeters in diameter. interestingly， the slab features natural black and white veins， corresponding to the dragon-phoenix design on the ceiling. this particular slab is known as the dragon-phoenix stone and is regarded as a treasure inseparable from the hall.

the furnishings within the hall are placed in their original positions dating back to when emperor xianfeng ruled .in the forefront and above the throne are enshrined tablets in commemoration of heaven. on either table on each side tablets of the emperor` s ancestors were placed. each tablet is fronted by an altar. a total of 24 kinds of offering were made on it ，including soup， wine， assorted cereals， and a calf.

the sacrificial rites were observed in the wee hours of the morning， sometime in the first month of the chinese lunar year. because it was still dark， candles， lanterns and torches were lit. this lighting coupled with the incense being burnt inside the hall ，helped make the ceremony both grand and mystical.

by the time the service began，207 musicians and dancers would be performing on platforms outside the hall. the emperor， in his blue sacrificial robe and with an air of piety and sincerity， would walk slowly into the hall， kowtow， and offer wine and prayer in hornor of the deities and his ancestors. all of the offerings would then be taken to incinerators on the eastern side of the gate of prayer for good harvest. with this we conclude our visit to the temper of heaven. the feudal monarchs and their sacrificial rites have long vanished in history .however， this group of magnificent and lofty structures remain as a fine testament of the ancient chinese` s ingenuity and as one of the cultural heritages of mankind.

from the eastern gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest， we have now enter a 300-meter-long corridor. consisting of 72 sections， this corridor served as a connecting building between the slaughterhouse. heaven kitchen， and the main hall ，it is said that this once served as a sacrificial food production line. flanking the corridor are shopping stalls. you may find some souvenirs for your family and friend there.

well ，that is all for this tour. thank you for your attention. i look forward to your next visit. good luck and bon voyage.

北京天坛导游词500字 篇四

各位游客，你们好!今天我们要参观的是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天坛。

天坛是明朝永乐皇帝建成的祭天圣坛，主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天的祈年殿。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙，北圆南方，寓意天圆地方。乾隆年间，将大祀殿改为现在的祈年殿，将屋顶瓦片改成蓝色的琉璃瓦，形成了今天我们看到的这个世界上最大的祭天建筑群。

这一祭天圣地，在1860年遭到了英法联军的洗劫，1900年又遭到八国联军的蹂躏。新中国成立以后，这里成了著名的旅游景点，来这里的除了旅游者，还有很多健身的人们。

现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的路线开始游览。

现在我们是沿着天坛建筑的中轴线在向南行进，将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘有两道围护墙，外方内圆，符合天圆地方的说法。每道墙都有四组门，大家可以注意到，门的大小都不一样，这是因为中门是上帝专用的，所以高大;皇帝只能从左侧的门进入;而其他的官员只能从右边最小的门通过。

来到圜丘坛下，我们马上要开始登坛了，不过要请您留心数一数，每层坛面都有多少台阶。到了最高层，大家会发现，坛上所有的台阶数，都是九或者九的倍数。这些难道都是巧合么?当然不是，因为古人认为九是极阳数，所以工匠们便用这个数字来赋予圜丘坛“崇高”之意。

说完了神坛的奇妙，我再给您介绍一下祭天大典的盛况。

到了每年的冬至，皇帝就要在这里祭天。在这个典礼上，需要特别提到的是皇帝恭读祝文所站立的地方，就是这块天心石。它是天坛三大声学现象之一。在这里朗读的时候声音特别洪亮，各位游客不妨体验一下，也像当年的皇帝一样，向上天诉说自己美好的愿望。

现在咱们继续沿着中轴线行走，面前的建筑叫做天库，它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇三个字也分别代表了“至高无上”“天”“宇宙”的意思，更加显示出它的神圣和至尊。这组建筑不仅十分精美，而且还有回音壁和三音石，这和刚才我们说的“天心石”合称天坛三大声学现象。

北京天坛导游词500字 篇五

各位团友大家好，今天我们要参观的是世界上现存规模最大、保存最完整的古代祭天建筑群——天坛。

天坛位于北京东南侧，也是我国和世界上现存规模最大的古代祭祀性建筑群。始建于明永乐四年，至明永乐十八年完工。占地面积273公顷。相当于故宫的三倍还多。是明清两代皇帝祭天祈谷的场所，每年“三孟”举行祭祝，即孟春祈谷，孟夏祈雨，孟冬祀天。初建时这里也是祭祀地神的地方，称天地坛。直到明嘉靖九年在北部另建地坛。那时天地开始分别祭祀，同时还另建两坛。才形成了现今的南天坛、北地坛、东日坛、西月坛这“京郊四坛”。

天坛是圜丘、祈谷两坛的总称。建筑布局呈“回”字形，有坛墙两重，形成内外坛，坛墙南方北圆，象征天圆地方，故又称天地墙。主要建筑有祈年殿、圜丘坛、皇穹宇、斋宫、外坛神乐署和牺牲所。除了斋宫在西部以外，其他主要三组均在一条中轴线上。在北京古代建筑中是唯一一个中轴不对称的建筑。

可是这样一个祭天圣地，却也曾经在1860年时遭到英法联军的洗劫，继而在1900年的时候又遭到了八国联军的蹂躏。在1916年袁世凯登基的时候也曾经在天坛上演了一出祭天的闹剧。在1918年，天坛最终还是以公园开放。解放以后天坛不仅成了著名的旅游景点，而且还是北京城市绿地的组成部分，来这里的不光是旅游者，还不乏一些专门为了强身健体的老人们。

现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的路线开始此次游览。

我们先介绍一下斋宫。斋宫位于天坛西门内，里面有著名的无梁殿。面积约4万平方米，有小紫禁城之称，是皇帝祭祀前斋戒的地方。皇帝在祭天前要在此斋戒三天。三天里“不吃荤、不饮酒、不娱乐、多沐浴、不理刑名、不近女色。”所谓至斋。在斋宫殿前的露台上左右还各有一个石亭。右面的为时辰亭，左面的为斋戒铜人亭。铜人高0.5米身着文官服饰，相传是唐代的魏征。手持斋戒铜牌，上刻“斋戒”二字，用来警示皇上。

下面我们来看圜丘坛。圜丘坛通高5.7米，分三层。每层的四个方向各有九级艾叶青石铺就的台阶。四面围有汉白玉护栏。坛外面有两道围墙，围墙从东向面依次有泰元、昭亨、广利、成贞四座棂星门。现在我们开始登坛，请大家注意一下坛面。坛面上所用的石料的数字都与九相关，上层直径9丈，中层直径15丈，下层直径21丈。三层共45丈，既是9 的倍数又含有“__之尊”的意思。最上一层坛面中间的那块圆形的大理石叫做天心石。又叫“亿兆影从石”。人站在上面说话会感到强烈的共鸣。围绕天心石这一层共砌着9圈巨大的扇形石，第一圈9块，第二圈18块。以此类推，到了最外边的第九圈正好是81块;第二层，第层也一样。直至最外第27圈。同样大家抬头就可以看到的护板被四面台阶分为四个部分，每个部分也都有9块，中层的护板是18块，下层的是27块，这些都是根据阴阳五行来做的。9是极阳数，所以古代的工匠便用这个数字来强调天的崇高，神圣。祭天时的步骤可分为：燔柴迎帝神、苍壁礼天、进俎、初献礼、亚献礼、终献礼、撤馔、送帝神、望燎。

大家再看圜丘坛的西南方。有三座高大的石台，叫做望灯台。台上的长杆是望灯杆。杆高九丈,通体红色。祭天时，望灯杆上各悬挂一只直径六尺高八尺的灯笼。灯笼内点蟠龙通宵宝蜡，可持续燃烧六个时辰。不灭、不流油、不用剪蜡花。

现在咱们继续沿着中轴线行走，前面的建筑就是天库——皇穹宇。皇穹宇建于明嘉靖九年，起初叫做泰神殿，嘉靖十七年，改名为现在的皇穹宇，这里是专门存放神牌的地方。既有皇天上帝的神牌，也有风雷雨电的神牌。这组建筑不仅造型精美，而且还有和天心石合称天坛三大声学现象的回音壁、三音石。

回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墙，围墙建造的磨砖对缝，是很好的传声体，只要正确的对着墙说话，就算相隔四五十米，见不到面，都可以清晰的听到对方说话。而三音石则是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三块石头，您站在第一块石头上拍手可以听到一次回音，第二块石头可以听到两次，而第三块就可以听到三次回音，所以叫三音石。后来取天地人三才之意又叫“三才石”。

大家应该早就注意到了吧!天坛有非常多的柏树。而在这许多古柏当中，有一株500余岁的桧柏，就是回音壁西墙外的那棵九龙柏。因为它的树干表面布满了旋转扭曲的沟纹，犹如九龙飞腾，所以叫它九龙柏。

回音壁北侧，有一条宽广的大道，也就是叫做海墁大道的丹陛桥。因路面下边建有涵洞成立体交叉，类似立交桥，所以称之为桥。穿过丹陛桥后，我们看到的就是祈谷坛建筑群了。祈谷坛是三层汉白玉圆坛，占地面积近六千平方米。祈年殿就建上面。

祈年殿是天坛的象征。也曾经是中国的象征性建筑物，原名大祀殿。有祈祷丰收之年的意思。在建筑上，它是圆形重檐攒尖顶，顶部覆盖蓝色竹节瓦。逐层收缩，高达九丈，由28根红柱子支撑。是我国唯一留下来的仿明堂式建筑。过去，琉璃瓦分三种颜色，也三种不同的意思。即：上青，代表上天、中黄，代表皇帝、下绿，代表黎民百姓。后为了表示对上天的尊敬，全部改换成蓝色琉璃瓦。

而殿顶和支撑殿顶的28根柱子，也有不同的代表意义。殿顶周长30丈，代表一月30天。四根龙井柱，象征一年有四个季节。中层12根象征一年有12个月。外层12根象征一日有12时辰。中层与外层24根象征24节气。三层共28根象征天上的28星宿。如果再加上殿顶顶部的8根童柱共计36根。则象征天上的36天罡。在宝顶上还有一根叫雷公柱的镏金短铜柱，象征皇帝一统天下。 除此之外，殿顶内部还有一“龙凤藻井”，地面有一块“龙凤呈祥石”。二者相映成趣。

和祭天一样，每年这里都要举行用来祈谷的礼仪。每次祭祀前都要将大殿修饰一新。

现在我们从祈谷坛的东门出来，可以看到一条长廊，共七十二间，俗称七十二连房，它连接神厨神库，是祭祀时运送祭品的通道。在长廊的东南方向，有八块巨大的青石，称为七星石。这是风水镇石。关于七星石的说法有二。一说明代有个道士和皇帝说祈年殿的东南方空旷，于国家不利。所以就在这里放了象征着北斗七星的七块石头。二说，七星石代表东岳七峰。至于东北的小青石，是因为康熙皇帝为了给满族入主中原寻找理论依据，而派人考察泰山的发脉地络，认定泰山发脉于东北的长白山后增加的。

今天的观光游览就要结束了，在天坛的这段时光希望能成为您北京之游中的永恒记忆。

北京天坛导游词500字 篇六

各位游客：

大家好，我是你们的导游，曹宇翔。

下面我要给大家讲讲天坛的传说，现在大家抬头看一下这就是美丽的天坛，从远出看是个八角形宝塔。

天坛是王屋的主峰，高峰耸寺深古纵横，一峰突起，万峰臣伏，唯我独尊，从南向北看中间高，两边低，好似屋顶像王者之屋，称王屋山。天坛原名叫琼林台，因皇帝在山顶设坛祭天，后人为了纪念，该为天坛。为了纪念皇帝老师华盖对皇帝指点，把天坛峰前的山叫华盖峰。

我们走过天坛，又来到了望景寺，这里可以这人观赏天坛的风景。

天坛是世界文化遗产，国家5a级旅游景区，全国重点文明保护单位。于北京正阳门，东南方自，为明清两朝皇帝祭天，求雨和祈，寿年专用祭坛，是世界上现在规模最大，最完美的古代祭天建筑群。总面积273平方米。1920xx年作为公园正式对外开放。

坛为三层圆形石台，坛区占地20万余平方米。因此;明清时期北京的天坛与历朝代郊坛有一脉相承的渊源。

天地坛遂改称为天坛。消沿明制，天坛一称沿用至今。从乾隆八年1743年起，对天坛建筑进行了多次修理，天坛终于形成了南北两坛，规制严谨的盛郎风貌。

天坛到处有美丽的风景，说也说不尽，希望你有机会细细游赏。